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Grammar is a set of rules about the correct use of words in sentences. These are the parts of speech or classes of words used in sentences:

1. Nouns are the names of people, places, things or feelings.  Common nouns are the names for general people, places, things or feelings eg boy, house, car, anger. They make sense when the words “a”, “an” or “the” are placed in front of them.  Proper nouns are the names of specific people, places or things and are always written with a capital letter e.g. Julia Gillard, Farley Grove, Eiffel Tower.
   

2. Pronouns take the place of nouns e.g. I gave Jessica the apple and she ate it.
   

3. Adjectives add extra meaning to nouns.  Descriptive adjectives e.g. My house is white. The white house is mine.  Demonstrative adjectives point out particular nouns e.g. That house is mine.  Numerative adjectives indicate how much or how many e.g. Jordan has two sisters. There were a few drops of rain.
   

4. Verbs  are “being”, “having” or “doing” words e.g. I am human and I have feelings, so please run away.  Note that the verb can change based on the tense (refer to tense).
   

5. Adverbs add extra meaning to verbs e.g. He ate slowly. I will eat much later.
   

6. Prepositions show position (below, up, over, under, into, down) e.g. Justin went up the hill.
   

7. Conjunctions are joining or connecting words.  Coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or) connect words or phrases that are of similar importance e.g. The dog ate the bone and some meat.  Subordinating conjunctions (because, if, though, that, when, where, while) start clauses that are dependent on the rest of the sentence for their meaning and do not make sense on their own e.g. Jade auditioned for the school play because she loves acting.
   

8. Interjections are exclamations e.g. Ouch! Hey! Stop!
   

9. Articles are really adjectives, but deserve a separate explanation because we use them all the time. The is the definite article e.g. The dog ate my lunch. A or an is the indefinite article e.g. A dog ate my lunch.
   

10. Tense refer to the capacity of verbs to express time. We often work with 3 forms of tense – past, present and future
    

11. •Past – I jumped, I did jump, I was jumping
    

12. •Present – I jump, I do jump, I am jumping
    

13. •Future – I will jump, I will be jumping
    

14. Subject-Verb Agreement: The verb form can change depending on whether the subject is singular or plural. e.g.
    

15. The car park (singular subject) was (verb) full.
    

16. The car parks (plural subject) were (verb) full.
    

17. In these sentences each of the verbs agrees with its subject. The correct verb form has been used. The verb must always agree with its subject. Single subject = single, verb, plural subject = plural verb.