PURPOSE

This is used to explain a process set out in stages, rather than describing a “thing”. For instance how things work, and how or why things have come to be the way they are.

Examples are: Memos, Rules (i.e. playing a game), timetables (i.e. bus or train), explanations (how an email works or how a tap works), affidavits, complaints and policy statements

STRUCTURE

Classification and/or generalisation

This might be the heading, a definition of the subject area or maybe in the form of a question beginning with how or why.

Description

This consists of statements or paragraphs that describe the how or the why. It is sequenced in a specific way that describes the process. It demonstrates the link between the cause and effect.

Pictures or diagrams may be used

Concluding/Summarising

This is a paragraph or statement that summarises what has been discussed in the description that ties all of the information together. This may include an impersonal and evaluative comment about the process.

Language Features

1. •Nouns and pronouns are used to describe a participant in the process.
   

2. •Timeless present tense, e.g. are, have, exists, and grows.
   

3. •Action verbs e.g. run, hunts, erupts, breaks, flows, and changes.
   

4. •Adjectives that are factual and precise such as, “5.6 megabytes”, sandy coloured.
   

5. •Linking words and phrases expressing sequence (after..; then...; next...; finally)
   

6. •Technical terms and subject specific words should be used where possible.
   

7. •Written in passive voice (e.g. is made. is placed). Using first-person pronouns are not appropriate. The writer’s opinions are not generally appropriate.